Recent research has highlighted the importance of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in maintaining health and potentially slowing the aging process. NAD+ serves as a crucial coenzyme involved in hundreds of metabolic reactions, including energy production, DNA repair, and cell signaling. However, as individuals age, their NAD+ levels decline, which may contribute to various age-related pathologies.
NAD+ is essential for creating energy within the body. It acts as a rechargeable battery, storing energy retrieved from nutrients and supplying it to fuel demanding cellular processes. This is particularly significant in mitochondria, often referred to as the cell's powerhouse. Mathias Ziegler, MD, PhD, explains, “The fundamental role of NAD is in the retrieval of energy from food sources to make it available for cellular functions.”
As NAD+ levels decrease with age, researchers are investigating how this decline may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, a potential hallmark of aging. Ziegler notes that “excessive consumption of mitochondrial NAD might constitute a key factor leading to dysfunctional mitochondria and thus aging-associated diseases.” This suggests that maintaining NAD+ levels could be vital for preventing age-related disorders.
Supplementation with NAD+ precursors is currently being explored as a strategy to bolster these declining levels. While NAD+ supplementation may not cure existing pathologies, it could slow disease progression and alleviate symptoms. In a recent study, Ziegler indicated that “even though it is unlikely that such supplementation approaches will be able to cure the pathology, they could have positive effects on disease progression.”
However, caution is advised when considering NAD+ supplementation. Consulting with a healthcare professional is imperative before beginning any regimen, especially for individuals with underlying health issues. Manisha Parulekar, MD, emphasizes the importance of professional guidance: “They can help you interpret the existing research and determine whether NAD+ supplementation is appropriate for you.”
Moreover, the method of supplementation matters. Intravenous (IV) infusions of vitamins and supplements pose significant risks, including infections. Clifford Segil, DO, warns against this practice: “Anytime you get a supplement infusion…there are large risks for infections, so I discourage any patient to get an IV or an infusion of any supplement.” Instead, he recommends oral supplements as a safer alternative.
NAD+ also plays a critical role in DNA repair, which further underscores its significance in combating aging. The decline in NAD+ levels can negatively impact the body's ability to repair damaged DNA, contributing to various health conditions. Parulekar notes that it is essential to explore dietary changes and other factors that could help support NAD+ levels as one ages.
Research continues to investigate how variables such as age, sex, genetics, and pre-existing health conditions influence individual responses to NAD+ precursors. Understanding these factors may lead to more personalized approaches in using NAD+ for health maintenance and disease prevention.
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