A recent study has provided reassuring evidence for older adults regarding the use of antibiotics and their impact on cognitive health. Following a cohort of 13,571 healthy older individuals over a five-year period, researchers found no association between antibiotic use and an increased risk of cognitive impairment or dementia. This research is particularly relevant given that older adults are 50% more likely to consume antibiotics compared to their younger counterparts.
The study, which involved administering cognitive tests to participants at the start, after one year, and every two years thereafter, adjusted for numerous factors, including sociodemographic influences, lifestyle habits, family history of dementia, and medications affecting cognition. Researchers specifically analyzed antibiotic use during the first two years to assess its impact on subsequent cognitive decline or dementia.
Despite the promising findings, experts suggest that a longer follow-up period—ideally 10 to 15 years—would be beneficial to assess the long-term implications of antibiotic use on cognitive health.
Dr. Steve Allder, a consultant neurologist at Re:Cognition Health, emphasized the importance of mental activity in maintaining cognitive function. He stated, “Engaging in mental stimulation, like puzzles, reading, learning new skills, or participating in hobbies, keeps the brain active. Staying socially connected is also important, as social engagement through community activities promotes emotional and cognitive well-being.”
In addition to mental stimulation, maintaining a healthy diet is critical. Dr. Allder highlighted the Mediterranean diet as particularly beneficial: “Maintaining a healthy diet is crucial, with a focus on a Mediterranean diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and healthy fats. Regular physical activity, such as walking, swimming, or yoga, helps support brain health."
The World Health Organization (WHO) has noted that the elderly population is often prescribed antibiotics at higher rates. This trend raises concerns about potential cognitive outcomes associated with prolonged antibiotic use. However, as affirmed by Dr. Allder, “The study clearly shows that antibiotic use does not increase the risk of cognitive impairment or dementia for healthy older adults."
Furthermore, older patients suffering from infections may experience confusion due to delirium. “Elderly patients with infections often become confused and this transient confusion from an infection is called delirium,” said a health expert. “Older people being treated with antibiotics should be reassured that using antibiotics will treat delirium and have no effect on getting dementia.”
While the current study provides a measure of reassurance to older adults regarding antibiotic use, experts caution that these medications should continue to be used responsibly and under medical guidance.
The findings also highlight the significance of engaging in hobbies and learning new skills as effective ways to maintain cognitive function. Dr. Allder noted that “I advise my retired patients to take classes at local universities… keeping your brain active, interacting with people, and staying up to date is very important.”
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