Stroke remains a leading cause of disability and death globally, yet misconceptions about its nature and treatment persist. This article examines common myths surrounding strokes, emphasizing the importance of timely medical intervention and the various treatment options available.
Dr. Ortiz, a medical expert in stroke treatment, clarifies that stroke is often misunderstood as a heart problem. “Some people think that stroke is a problem of the heart,” he told Medical News Today (MNT). “That is incorrect. A stroke is a problem of the brain, caused by the blockage or rupture of arteries or veins in the brain, and not the heart.”
There are three main types of stroke: ischemic, hemorrhagic, and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). Ischemic strokes account for approximately 87% of all cases. TIAs, often referred to as ministrokes, can mislead individuals into thinking they carry little risk. “The term ministroke has been used incorrectly as some think that it is related to small strokes that carry low risk,” Dr. Ortiz explained. “That statement is incorrect, as a ministroke is a transient ischemic attack (TIA).” He cautions that TIAs should not be dismissed, as they serve as a warning that a larger stroke may follow.
Timeliness is critical when treating strokes. The effectiveness of therapies such as clot-busting drugs, mechanical thrombectomy for clot removal, or even surgical procedures diminishes as time passes. “The longer the symptoms last, the lower the likelihood of a good outcome,” Dr. Ortiz emphasized. “Therefore, it is critical that at the onset of stroke symptoms — ie. trouble speaking, double vision, paralysis or numbness, etc — an ambulance should be called (911) for transport to the nearest hospital.”
Emergency treatment can significantly alter recovery outcomes for stroke patients. Studies indicate that about 10% of stroke patients will achieve an almost complete recovery, while 25% recover with minor impairments. Conversely, approximately 40% may experience moderate to severe impairments, and 10% will require care in nursing homes or other long-term facilities.
Research further indicates that there exists a critical time window for rehabilitation following a stroke. Intensive motor rehabilitation within 2–3 months post-stroke can enhance recovery chances. Over half of stroke survivors aged 65 and older may face reduced mobility, underscoring the need for immediate action after symptoms arise.
Understanding the symptoms of a stroke is essential for prompt medical attention. Signs can include sudden face dropping, where one side of the face becomes numb and creates an uneven "smile." Recognizing these indicators can expedite treatment and potentially reverse symptoms.
While strokes are serious medical events, advancements in treatment offer hope for many patients. Dr. Ortiz notes, “Emergency treatment of a stroke with injection of a clot-busting drug, minimally invasive mechanical thrombectomy for clot removal, or surgery can reverse the symptoms of a stroke in many patients, especially if they arrive at the hospital early enough for therapy (within minutes or hours since the onset of the symptoms).”
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