Early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is becoming a growing concern, particularly as the median age of diagnosis has fallen to just 44 years. Recent research from the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine suggests that biological aging—an assessment of the body’s age based on genetic changes—could be a key predictor in identifying individuals at risk for this condition. While traditional screening begins at age 45, the findings indicate that some patients may benefit from earlier screenings.
Biological aging differs from chronological age, which simply counts the years since birth. It reflects the physiological changes occurring within the body and can be evaluated through blood tests. This innovative approach has unveiled a troubling correlation: for every year a person ages biologically faster than normal, their risk of developing colon polyps increases by 16%.
The rise in EOCRC cases has prompted experts to re-evaluate current screening protocols. Dr. Anton Bilchik, a leading researcher, emphasized the alarming trend, stating, “There is a massive increase in young patients being diagnosed with colon cancer.” While various factors such as obesity and physical inactivity contribute to cancer risk, the exact causes for the surge in EOCRC among young patients remain unclear.
Dr. Shria Kumar highlighted the significance of the study, noting that biological aging appears to be associated with a greater incidence of precancerous colon polyps. “While ideal, we don’t presently understand enough about EOCRC risk to create such an approach,” she explained. However, if these findings are validated on a larger scale, they could lead to a more effective risk calculator that identifies those under 50 who are at highest risk for EOCRC.
Although the overall risk of developing EOCRC is low, the increase in diagnoses among younger populations is concerning. Dr. Kumar pointed out that “in absolute numbers, the risk is low. So there are a lot of people at risk, but very few will develop EOCRC.” This discrepancy highlights the need for a proactive approach in screening strategies for younger individuals.
Considering that many patients are diagnosed with colon cancer before they reach the current screening age of 45, earlier intervention could be crucial. “Those people can then undergo colonoscopy, even if they are not yet 45,” Dr. Kumar noted. “The median age of EOCRC diagnosis is 44 — so clearly, we have a lot to do as people will be diagnosed with cancer before being eligible for screening!”
The implications of this study extend beyond mere statistics; they suggest that biological aging could serve as an important marker in cancer prevention efforts. As researchers continue to investigate these associations, the potential for an adjusted screening timeline may provide a significant advantage in combating early onset colorectal cancer.
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